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完整列表
拉丁語短語列表 (List of Latin phrases)以下是一些常用的拉丁文短语。拉丁语 是罗马帝国 的官方语言,现在欧洲 的许多语言都含有拉丁语的借词 。许多拉丁语词汇也是从古希腊文 引入。在歐美的排版規則中,外來語要使用斜體 表示,因此這些拉丁語在英語文章中也通常用斜體,但也存在不少例外,如 am (上午)等就不會使用斜體。
由于两千多年來的改变,许多词的含义和用法已经改变了。请读者参考专业辞典。比如“ad hominem”直译是“对着人”,英文常用的意思是“從個人偏好出發”或“呼吁个人的同情”,但是在哲学上的意思是“人身攻击的谬误 ”。[1]
拉丁語短語列表 [ 编辑 ]
拉丁短语
缩写
英语直译
中文翻译
a fortiori
from the stronger
更加、舉重以明輕
ad libitum
ad-lib
at one's pleasure
随意 、即兴
a posteriori
from the latter
归纳地 、後驗 、以经验为根据(對照:a priori)
a priori
from the former
演绎地 、先驗 、以推论为根据(對照:a posteriori)
ad hoc
for this
特设的、特定目的的(地)、即席的、临时的、将就的、专案的
ad hominem
to the man
诉诸人身 、对人不对事、因人废言、以人废言或人身攻击的谬误
ad infinitum
to infinity
无限地
ad nauseam
to sea sickness
令人作呕地
anno Domini
A.D.
in the year of our Lord
公元
ante meridiem
a.m.
before noon
上午
bona fide
in good faith
真诚的、无欺的
camera obscura
dark chamber
暗箱
carpe diem
seize the day
及时行乐、抓住时机
ceteris paribus
with all other factors the same
其他条件[情况]均同
circa
ca.
about; used especially in approximate dates
大约
cum laude
with honor
优等、拉丁文学位荣誉
de facto
from the fact
事实上的(對照:de jure)
de jure
concerning the law, by right
規則上的(對照:de facto)
et alia
et al.
and others; and elsewhere
以及其他、等等
et cetera
etc.
and the rest; and so forth; and so on
以及其他、等等
ex libris
from the books
从书中、参见藏书票
ex parte
from part, from one side
片面的
ex post facto
afterwards
事后的、有追溯效力的
ex situ
the opposite of "in situ"
异位的
exempli gratia
e.g.
for example; such as
例如
ibidem
ibid.
in the aformentioned place
同前引证
id est
i.e.
that is
即
idem
the same as previously given
同上
in camera
in a chamber, in private, secretly
私下地、法官室
in loco parentis
in place of a parent
代替父母
in medias res
into the midst of things
(情节)中间切入
in situ
in place or position undisturbed
在原处
in vivo
"in the living", (performed) in a living organism
在活体内
inter alia
among other things
除其他因素之外
intra vires
within the power
权力之内,有权行为(對照:ultra vires)
ipse dixit
he himself said it
亲口所述、没有证实的断言
ipso facto
by the fact itself
根据事实
locum tenens
place holder
暫時代班、具同等資歷 、常用於醫生、神職、常簡化為locum
magna cum laude
with great honor
极优等、拉丁文学位荣誉
magnum opus
a great work
巨著,杰作
memento mori
remember that you must die
死的象征、记住你会死
mirabile dictu
wonderful to say
说也奇怪
mirabile visu
wonderful to see
光怪陆离的
modus operandi
way of operating
操作方法、程序、习惯
ne plus ultra
(go) no more beyond
极致、极点
noli me tangere
do not touch me
禁止接触
non sequitur
it does not follow
不合逻辑的推论
nota bene
note well
值得留意、請讀者留意
O tempora, o mores!
Oh the times! Oh the customs!
这是什么时代!什么风尚!
opere citato
op. cit.
in the work cited
在列举的著作中
per capita
by heads
按人头算、每人
per diem
by the day
按日给予津贴、每日
per fas et nefas
by right or wrong
無論好壞、無論正當與否
per se
by or of itself
本身,本质上
persona grata
pleasing person
受欢迎的人,接受外交官(對照:persona non grata)
persona non grata
unwelcome person
不受欢迎的人,驱逐外交官(對照:persona grata)
post hoc
after this
後此謬誤(後此故因此謬誤)
post meridiem
p.m.
after noon
下午
post mortem
after death
死后、验尸 、事后
post partum
after birth
产后
prima facie
at first appearance
乍看的、表面的、自明的
pro forma
for form
形式上的、提前的、备考的(商业文件)
quid pro quo
something given in exchange for something
交换物、替代物、报复
quod erat demonstrandum
Q.E.D.
which had to be shown
即证
sic
thus
原文如此
sine die
without a day, indefinitely
无限期地、未定地
sine qua non
without which not
没有什么(原因)不、要素、先决条件
status quo
in state in which
现状
sui generis
of its own kind, unique, peculiar
别具一格的
summa cum laude
with highest honor
最优等、拉丁文学位荣誉
tempus fugit
time flies
光阴似箭
ultra vires
beyond the power
权力之外,越权行为(對照:intra vires)
vice versa
conversely; in reverse order from that stated
反之亦然、反者亦然
vide ante
see before
见前
vide infra
see below
见下
vide post
see after
见后
vide supra
see above
见上
videlicet
viz.
that is to say; namely
即、就是说、换言之
外部連結 [ 编辑 ]