淡紫擬青黴菌

维基百科，自由的百科全书
淡紫擬青黴菌
淡紫擬青黴菌的分生孢子
科学分类 编辑
界： 真菌界 Fungi
门： 子囊菌门 Ascomycota
纲： 糞殼菌綱 Sordariomycetes
目： 肉座菌目 Hypocreales
科： 线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae
属： 紫孢霉属 Purpureocillium
种：
淡紫擬青黴菌 P. lilacinum
二名法
Purpureocillium lilacinum
(Thom) Luangsa-ard, Hou- braken, Hywel-Jones & Samson (2011)
異名[2]

Paecillium Luangsa-ard, Hywel-Jones & Samson nom. prov. (2007)[1]
Penicillium lilacinum Thom (1910)
Penicillium amethystinum Wehmer (1923)
Spicaria rubidopurpurea Aoki (1941) Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom（英语：Charles Thom）) Samson (1974)

淡紫擬青黴菌（學名：Purpureocillium lilacinum）又稱淡紫紫孢菌[3]，是線蟲草科紫孢霉屬的一種真菌[4]，已自土壤、沈積物、污泥、昆蟲與線蟲樣本中採得，在攝氏8－38度的溫度下皆可生長，其中以26－30度較佳，且對pH值與生長基質的耐受範圍也相當廣[5][6]。本種因可感染線蟲而被用於對抗線蟲蟲害的生物防治劑。

分類[编辑]

淡紫擬青黴菌於1910年由美國真菌學家查爾斯·索姆（英语：Charles Thom）發表描述，當時被歸入青黴屬中，學名為Penicillium lilacinum[7]。1974年Robert A. Samson將其改歸入擬青黴屬（Paecilomyces）[5]。2000年代的研究發現擬青黴屬非單系群[8][9]，後有學者發表新屬紫孢霉屬（Purpureocillium）並將本種分入其中，屬名意指「紫色的孢子」，得名自該屬真菌紫色的分生孢子[10]，本種的分生孢子呈橢圓形至梭形，由菌絲末端的特化結構瓶梗產生，分散排列成鏈狀結構，表面光滑至稍微粗糙，尚未觀察到厚垣孢子；菌絲為透明，寬2.5－4微米[5]。

感染線蟲[编辑]

淡紫擬青黴菌可感染多種線蟲，圖為根結線蟲

1966年即有研究發現淡紫擬青黴菌可感染線蟲的卵[11]，其菌絲在線蟲卵的表面上生長後可形成附著器（菌絲尖端的膨大特化結構），進而穿透卵殼、殺死線蟲、並產生更多的分生孢子以繼續感染周圍的卵。目前淡紫擬青黴菌已自多種線蟲與多個地區的土壤樣本中被發現[12][13]。本種可用於生物防治以對抗線蟲的蟲害，祕魯已有數個野外試驗成功使用本種抑制線蟲蟲害[14]，當地的品系進而被送至世界各地不同氣候、作物的環境下進行測試[15]，各品系感染線蟲的毒力不同，有些品系在雖實驗室測試中取得成功，但實際應用上效果不彰[16]。

致病[编辑]

淡紫擬青黴菌在少數情況下可感染人類致病[17][18]，大多數患者為免疫缺乏者或體內留置醫療器具（如人工晶狀體）者[19][20]，有研究顯示本種可能為感染免疫缺乏與免疫正常者的新興病原[21][22]。

參考文獻[编辑]

  1. ^ Domsch KH, Gams W, Anderson TH (编). Compendium of Soil Fungi 2nd. Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd. 2007: 322. ISBN 978-3-9803083-8-0. 
  2. ^ Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson 1974. MycoBank. International Mycological Association. [2011-07-17]. 
  3. ^ 王毅、王娟、王四海、李云琴、原晓龙、陈中华. 蒜头果的内生真菌多样性分析. 基因组学与应用生物学. 2018, 9 [2022-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-17）. 
  4. ^ Spatafora; et al. New 1F1N Species Combinations in Ophiocordycipitaceae (Hypocreales). IMA Fungus. 2015, 6 (2): 357–362. PMC 4681259 可免费查阅. PMID 26734546. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.02.07. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Samson RA. Paecilomyces and some allied hyphomycetes. Studies in Mycology. 1974, 6: 58. 
  6. ^ Anderson TH, Domsch KH, Gams W. Compendium of Soil Fungi. Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd. 1995. ISBN 978-3-9803083-8-0. 
  7. ^ Thom C. Cultural studies of species of penicillium. Bulletin of the Bureau of Animal Industry US Department of Agriculture. 1910, 118: 73. 
  8. ^ Inglis PW, Tigano MS. Identification and taxonomy of some entomopathogenic Paecilomyces spp. (Ascomycota) isolates using rDNA-ITS Sequences (PDF). Genetics and Molecular Biology. 2006, 29 (1): 132–6 [2022-07-17]. doi:10.1590/s1415-47572006000100025 可免费查阅. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-09-24）. 
  9. ^ Sung GH, Hywel-Jones NL, Sung JM, Luangsa-ard JJ, Shrestha B, Spatafora JW. Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi. Studies in Mycology. 2007, 57 (1): 5–59. PMC 2104736 可免费查阅. PMID 18490993. doi:10.3114/sim.2007.57.01. 
  10. ^ Luangsa-Ard J, Houbraken J, van Doorn T, Hong SB, Borman AM, Hywel-Jones NL, Samson RA. Purpureocillium, a new genus for the medically important Paecilomyces lilacinus. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 2011, 321 (2): 141–9. PMID 21631575. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02322.x 可免费查阅. 
  11. ^ Lysek H. Study of biology of geohelminths. II. The importance of some soil microorganisms for the viability of geohelminth eggs in the soil. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. 1996, 40: 83–90. 
  12. ^ Stirling, GR. Biological Control of Plant Parasitic Nematodes. UK: CABI Publishing. 1991: 282. 
  13. ^ Stirling GR, West LM. Fungal parasites of root-knot nematode eggs from tropical and sub-tropical regions of Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology. 1991, 20 (4): 149–54. S2CID 34778287. doi:10.1071/APP9910149. 
  14. ^ Jatala P, Kaltenbach R, Bocangel M. Biological control of Meloidogyne incognita acrita and Globodera pallida on potatoes. Journal of Nematology. 1979, 11: 303. 
  15. ^ Jatala P. Biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes. Annual Review of Phytopathology. 1986, 24: 453–89. doi:10.1146/annurev.py.24.090186.002321. 
  16. ^ Gomes Carniero RMD, Cayrol J. Relationship between inoculum density of the nematophagous fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus and control of Meloidogyne arenaria on tomato. Revue de Nématologie. 1991, 14 (4): 629–34. 
  17. ^ Saberhagen C, Klotz SA, Bartholomew W, Drews D, Dixon A. Infection due to Paecilomyces lilacinus: a challenging clinical identification. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 1997, 25 (6): 1411–3. PMID 9431388. doi:10.1086/516136. 
  18. ^ Westenfeld F, Alston WK, Winn WC. Complicated soft tissue infection with prepatellar bursitis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus in an immunocompetent host: case report and review. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1996, 34 (6): 1559–62. PMC 229063 可免费查阅. PMID 8735119. doi:10.1128/JCM.34.6.1559-1562.1996. 
  19. ^ O'Day DM. Fungal endophthalmitis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus after intraocular lens implantation. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 1977, 83 (1): 130–1. PMID 299984. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(77)90206-9. 
  20. ^ Pettit TH, Olson RJ, Foos RY, Martin WJ. Fungal endophthalmitis following intraocular lens implantation. A surgical epidemic. Archives of Ophthalmology. 1980, 98 (6): 1025–39. PMID 7190003. doi:10.1001/archopht.1980.01020031015002. 
  21. ^ Safdar A. Progressive cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis due to Paecilomyces lilacinus: rapid response to treatment with caspofungin and itraconazole. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2002, 34 (10): 1415–7. PMID 11981740. doi:10.1086/340260 可免费查阅. 
  22. ^ Carey J, D’Amico R, Sutton DA, Rinaldi MG. Paecilomyces lilacinus vaginitis in an immunocompetent patient.. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 [2022-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2009-11-05）. 
Purpureocillium lilacinum
Penicillium lilacinum
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=淡紫擬青黴菌&oldid=82173293”